Therapeutic DNA Vaccines against HPV-Related Malignancies: Promising Leads from Clinical Trials
In 2014 and 2021, two nucleic-acid vaccine candidates named MAV E2 and VGX-3100 completed phase III clinical trials in Mexico and U.S., respectively, for patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).These well-tolerated but still unlicensed vaccines encode distinct HPV antigens (E2 versus E6+E